Is Clonidine a Controlled Substance? Here’s What You Need To Know

Clonidine is a prescription drug that is used to treat high blood pressure, or hypertension, as well as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, and opioid withdrawal symptoms[1]. It belongs to a class of drugs known as centrally-acting alpha-agonists. It works by relaxing your blood vessels, which can lower your blood pressure. It can also reduce the activity of certain parts of your brain, which can help in managing ADHD symptoms.

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Potential for Addiction

Clonidine is not considered addictive in the same way opioids or stimulants are[2]. Addiction is defined by compulsive drug-seeking behavior regardless of any consequences. This is not generally associated with clonidine when it is used as prescribed by a medical doctor.

Clonidine can, however, lead to physical dependence if used off-label or if you suddenly stop taking it without medical supervision. Physical dependence means your body has adapted to the presence of the medication. If you stop taking it abruptly, you may experience severe withdrawal symptoms.

This is why you should always use clonidine, and any prescription drug, exactly as your healthcare provider prescribes. If you have a history of substance abuse, discuss it with your prescribing doctor so they can monitor your use of clonidine and help you manage any potential risks.

Side Effects

Any medication, be it an over-the-counter med or prescription drug, comes with the potential for serious side effects. A few of the more well-known side effects from clonidine use include:[3]

Drowsiness or sedation: Clonidine can cause drowsiness. This means you may feel sleepy or less alert than usual after dosing. This effect is usually more common when you first start taking the medication.
Dry mouth: While taking clonidine, you may experience dryness in your mouth. This side effect is common and considered quite mild. Drinking water or using ice chips can alleviate the dryness.
Lightheadedness: Clonidine can lower your blood pressure. This can result in dizziness or lightheadedness, especially if you stand up quickly. To lower the risk, stand up slowly and carefully.
Constipation: Clonidine can slow down your bowel movements and cause constipation. Eating a diet rich in fiber, drinking plenty of fluids, and staying physically active can help improve any constipation you experience.
Fatigue: Fatigue is a common side effect of clonidine. As your body adjusts to the medication, your fatigue may improve.
Headache: You may experience headaches while taking clonidine. These headaches can be mild to moderate in intensity.
Nausea or vomiting: Clonidine can occasionally cause nausea and vomiting. Eating smaller meals and avoiding spicy foods may help reduce these unpleasant symptoms.
Skin reactions: Clonidine can sometimes cause skin reactions such as rash or itching. This is not a common side effect, however. If you notice any unusual skin changes while taking clonidine, notify your healthcare provider immediately.
Changes in blood pressure and heart rate: While clonidine is primarily used to lower blood pressure, it can occasionally cause very low blood pressure (also known as hypotension). The risk can increase substantially if your dose is very high or if you stand up quickly from a seated or lying position. Symptoms of low blood pressure include dizziness, fainting, or feeling lightheaded.

Clonidine Withdrawal Symptoms

Clonidine Withdrawal Symptoms If you stop taking clonidine abruptly or significantly reduce your dosage without consulting your prescribing doctor, you can experience withdrawal symptoms. It’s crucial to taper off clonidine under the supervision of your doctor to minimize potential withdrawal symptoms and to manage the rebound hypertension you may experience.

Clonidine withdrawal symptoms may include:

Rebound hypertension: You might notice a sudden increase in your blood pressure above your pre-treatment levels. This can be very dangerous if not managed.
Agitation: You may feel more anxious or restless after ceasing clonidine use.
Headache: You might experience more headaches for a time due to withdrawal.
Tremor: As you adjust to the lack of the medication, you might notice shaking or trembling in your hands or other parts of your body.
Sweating: You may experience excessive sweating, especially at night.
Palpitations: You may feel a rapid or irregular heartbeat.