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David Bowie @ Berlin 1977 + Yukio Mishima

David Bowie @ Berlin 1977 + Yukio Mishima
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David Bowie @ Berlin 1977 + Yukio Mishima

Боуи в Берлине-77 и нарисованный им же портрет Юкио Мисима [Yukio Mishima; 三島 由紀夫, урождённый Кимитакэ Хираока] (японского писателя, поэта, драматурга, актёра, националиста, синтоиста (神道 синто: «путь богов» – вера древних японцев, с поклонением природным объектам и душам умерших) и основателя общества «Татэнокай» (楯の会, «Общество щита»).

Мисима считается одним из самых значительных послевоенных стилистов японского языка. В 1960-е годы его кандидатура пять раз рассматривалась на соискание Нобелевской премии по литературе. Среди работ Мисимы — романы «Исповедь маски» и «Золотой храм», а также автобиографическое эссе «Солнце и сталь». Произведения Мисимы характеризуются «роскошной лексикой и декадентскими метафорами, слиянием традиционного японского и современного западного литературных стилей, а также навязчивым утверждением единства красоты, эротики и смерти»

Он гордился традиционной культурой и духом Японии и выступал против материализма западного образца, а также против японской послевоенной демократии, глобализма и коммунизма, опасаясь, что, приняв эти идеи, японский народ утратит свою «национальную сущность» (кокутай) и самобытное культурное наследие (синто и ямато-дамасии) и превратится в «бескорневой» народ.

Политическая деятельность Мисимы сделала его противоречивой фигурой. Мисима создал «Татэнокай» с целью вернуть святость и достоинство императору Японии. 25 ноября 1970 года Мисима и четверо членов его ополчения проникли на военную базу в центре Токио, взяли в заложники её коменданта и безуспешно пытались вдохновить Силы самообороны Японии на восстание и свержение Конституции Японии 1947 года (которую он называл «конституцией поражения»). После своей речи и криков «Да здравствует Император!» он совершил сеппуку (ритуальное самоубийство самурая).

David Bowie "Heroes": The Ungloved Hand, 1977 By Franc Gavin
Issue 18: 1977 – Rock Around The World
www.bowiewonderworld.com/press/press70_2.htm#ratw1877

Look at the hands. They’re a dead giveaway. The typically collarless boehme-kraut style leather jacket. The wan austere features, waxen with no particular expression outside of a sort of a dislocated puzzlement. But the hands – the focal point of the picture. Their stiff, mannered pose belies the anxiety behind the stretched tendons. Rigid, yet expressive like the hands in the expressionist works of Kokoschka, to which this photograph bears a strong resemblance.

Expressionism perhaps being the key word in the deciphering of the "real Bowie," the title of his most recent incarnation. The way, however, in which the present Bowie differs from all the preceding reflections in his hallway of mirror devices in his use of point-counterpoint with regard to personality and music. Obviously Bowie has always been a very visual head. But whereas in past worlds of the Sensitive Folkie, The Intergalactic Anti-Christ, the black/white eleganza of a Man Ray disco-cool, the music was an extension of the image. Now the image is an extension of the music.

Sound treater Brian Eno is responsible for more than just a small part of this transition. Present in both name and spirit on "Low" and "Heroes," his own music has taken on an increasingly tropistic nature in both substance and execution. "Another Green World" his last LP, was more a catalogue of possibilities and textural diagrams than anything else. His new album, "Before and After Science," is a bit less outre in parts, but Eno is so fond of the visual projections that his sonic scenarios create that he has taken the time to include four nominally related offset lithographs within the jacket of the new LP that were done by an associate of his, Peter Schmidt.

Bowie has certainly incorporated a great deal of the philosophical stance of Eno into his own music. In a manner of speaking it is history repeating itself. Starting in the London of 1910, Ezra Pound influenced almost every major poet of the century, yet was never really able to get his own complex, mood oriented verse to as large an audience as his proteges. He was a "poet’s poet." So it is with Brian Eno and his "oblique strategies." Chances are his music will never reach the sizable audience that has been afforded Bowie. But beginning with Bowie, his ideas have already begun to diffuse, and will continue to do so. Bowie has always been a translator of ideas. When he began his exuberant quest, his music smacked of clever imitation. It became apparent that he had a way of catering to the audience while still utilizing an occasionally original touch, one that he would usually insinuate upon the audience through a cult of personality that eventually became a veritable propaganda machine. As is usually the case in which a staged situation revolves around the public image of a strong character, real or imagined, we were given privy to all aspects of the disguise that he oft-times wore. He seemed to have an opinion on everything, and usually changed them with the same frequency that most people change their socks. He had fun with the image manufacturing, press releasing paid for the return of 1973. That in itself is a reflection of the state of rock audiences and the music per se.

A lot of mixed reviews have been the basic critical reception for "Heroes." The album, to paraphrase Max Ernst, "Intensifies the irritability of the mental faculties." The Fripp guitar on the first two cuts of side one is both well placed and inarguable, like a stainless steel hieratic head centered in a stark white plaster gallery. The title track quote/Heroes unquote, is the showpiece of side one. It keeps a low, intense profile while it cruises steadily like a Lotus Sprint flat out on a long stretch of Autobahn, hugging all the curves beneath a rain-cold sky. Bowie’s to-do-it-rationalizers for a while.

His toying with the odd illusion in and out of direct-vision of the public eye, reflected certain truths. People believe whatever they choose to believe. Give them both a smorgasbord of music and a handful of separate realities from which to pick and choose and they will most likely put together a composite picture that they somehow feel is just right for their own attitudinal decor. Thus he took the translator of ideas a step further than had the Beatles. While their transitions were a direct reflection of the forefront of social change, Bowie turned the politics of image into cubist art and while remaining aloof from it all, proved that one need only a short term image for purposes of conveying all the rest.

Now there emerges according to the star-making machinery, the "real David Bowie," as if in open admittance that there had never been a "real: David Bowie. since reality at best, is only temporary, this new attempt at retail-rationale is at best laughable. Since the man has already answered the question of "Who cares about the image?" with "quite a great number, in oh so many ways," and since the press continues to find fascination with such earthshaking factota, as Bowie drinking beer, right from a can, already, the question remains "who cares about the music?" While critics founder over the possibilities of a no-image/image, Bowie seems to answer the question quite simplistically in this case, which is not at all. But since he has been able to make a large segment of our population care about his music simply on the basis of what he says and does, it seems quite plausible that he can make them care about it by what he does not say and does not do.

He has made a break. While working along the conventional linear terms of attack and proceed as prescribed long ago by Western culture, he was music via theatre. Now his music is quite blatantly a subjective image, and it is what is said what is does say that is the most desired result, rather than just How. This has already alienated, quite increasingly, a great number of diehards that still yearn voice is centered like a driver in the cockpit, occasionally switching the toggle-switch of emotion for a littler supercharge. Fripp’s guitar literally soars like a jet-stream, and Eno’s monotone harmonies only serve to underscore the intense, desperate quality of Bowie’s voice as he implores the lady not to leave, not to take the easy way out… It is the idea of taking a chance in what appears to be a dying world, one in which the first step toward The End or Absolute Zero is the death of love. It is an appeal to the inhabitants of an Age that demands a saviour on whom it will wage nothing. It is perhaps the most magnificent bit of rock and roll he has ever committed to vinyl.

It is also a precursor to side two. Kind of a preparatory mantra for the onslaught. Nothing is quite as intense as "Heroes," but one suspects this to be stuff of his dreams. "V-2 Schneider" is a fast moving tribute to Florian Schneider of Kraftwerk-fame and his Pynchoneque "Gravity’s Rainbow" posturings. The next three tracks, "Sense of Doubt," "Moss Garden" and "Neuköln" are the core of the second side. "Sense of Doubt" fluctuates with the heaviness of teutonic purgatory, a side-stepping close-up shot of Northern Man and his anxiety. "Moss Garden" moves with a wafer-like delicacy like a trout pausing in the sunlit shallows of a mountain stream. Its airy Zen pastel of color and light combines Japanese koto with a synthesizer that diffuses slow, sensual textures like an aerator diffusing perfumed aether. "NeuKöln" is just that. Just as expressionist like Ernst, Pollock, and others used Koln as a crossroads of ideas for creating new plateaus of anxiety prior to the terrible release of "The War," so has Bowie taken these high tension elements off canvas. He translates them aurally with an Ornette Coleman-esque sax that is ugly and disparaging as it is painfully, beautifully, existential. Lastly, there is "The Secret Life of Arabia" which rings like the last scene of a tragedy set amidst The Desert in which as the son says, "…the heroine dies…" Romantic, eh? Valentino meets Camus.

"Heroes" is Bowie’s journey into the interior. Sometimes it is sweepingly majestic, other moments are unbelievably depressing. But so is most honest-to-God-art, and "Heroes" is more than a kind of period piece. It is a flawed masterpiece.

With "Heroes" Bowie has apparently made a decision for the future. It is a future rife with possibilities for real change, the kind of trial and error any artist must make if he is to survive both as an artist and a person.

The question remains, will he take the gamble? Or will he let the less-than-phenomenal sales of "Heroes" deter him? It would be refreshing to the extreme to see him put it all on the line, to be a hero "just for one day," but word has it that his set for the upcoming tour will be the same as it was for "Station To Station," something which he has agreed to with a certain reluctance. If he has any cojones at all he’ll change his mind. He has it within his power, right at the moment, to change the face of music. But maybe he’s still lying to us. (Then he’d better not stay).

He can negate himself forwards and backwards, but "Heroes" still makes sense. With or without him. The cry seems pure enough, the pain genuine. The suffering amidst one rose thorn plea is absolute. If it isn’t the truth, it ought to be.

Rock Around the World

перевод статьи

David Bowie: The ungloved hand – Разоблачённая рука.
Выпуск 18: 1977 – Rock Around The World (автор Franc Gavin)

night-spell.livejournal.com/9146.html
перевод: holloweenjack
редактор: night_spell

Посмотрите на эти руки. Они выдают его с головой. Куртка в стиле kraut, как и полагается без воротника. Бледные строгие черты словно покрытого воском лица, на котором не отражается ничего, кроме какого-то рассеянного изумления. Но руки – зрительный фокус фотографии. В их застывшей, манерной позе, под натянутыми сухожилиями скрыта тревога. Неподвижные, но очень выразительные, они подобны рукам персонажей экспрессионистских полотен Кокошки, на которые эта фотография так похожа.

Экспрессионизм – это, возможно, ключ к расшифровке “настоящего Боуи”, так зовут его последнее воплощение. Чем, однако, нынешний Боуи отличается от предшествующих своих отражений, так это изменением соотношения личность – музыка. Очевидно, что Боуи всегда был визуальным артистом. Но если в прошлых мирах (Чувствительного Фолк-певца, Межгалактического Антихриста, черно-белого воплощения элегантности и диско-крутизны в стиле Man Ray) музыка была продолжением образа, то теперь образ стал продолжением музыки.

За эту перемену в немалой степени ответственен виртуоз звука Брайан Ино. Духовно и физически он присутствует на Low и “Heroes”, а его собственная музыка тоже изменилась под влиянием этого, как по содержанию, так и по исполнению. Его предыдущий альбом Another Green World напоминал скорее перечень идей и схем. Новый – Before and After Science – несколько менее эксцентричен, зато Ино настолько увлёкся визуализацией своих звуковых сюжетов, что уделил внимание тому, чтобы вложить в конверт четыре литографии своего приятеля Питера Шмидта, лишь номинально имеющие отношение к альбому.

Конечно, Боуи включил в свою музыку многие из философских положений Ино. В некотором смысле можно сказать, что история повторяется. В 1910-е в Лондоне Эзра Паунд оказал влияние практически на всех значительных поэтов своего времени, но сам так никогда и не смог донести свою сложную и задумчивую поэзию до столь же большой аудитории, как многие из его протеже. Он был “поэтом для поэтов”. То же самое с Брайаном Ино и его “косвенной стратегией”. Велика вероятность, что его аудитория никогда не будет столь же велика, как аудитория Боуи. Но, через Боуи, его идеи уже начали распространяться, и они пойдут дальше. Боуи всегда был передатчиком и переводчиком идей. Когда он начинал свой славный путь, его музыка отдавала искусной имитацией. Очевидно, что он умеет угодить аудитории, оставаясь при этом достаточно оригинальным, и эта оригинальность вкрадчиво вводилась в головы слушателей посредством культа личности, который постепенно стал подлинной машиной пропаганды. Как обычно и бывает в случаях с инсценировками, направленными на раскрутку важного персонажа, настоящего или придуманного, нам открывали и рассказывали обо всех аспектах маски, которую он так часто носил. Казалось, у него было мнение обо всем, и обычно свои мнения он менял столь же часто, как другие меняют носки. Он развлекался, создавая образы и получая отдачу в виде газетных публикаций. А это уже говорит о состоянии рок-аудитории и музыки в настоящий момент.

“Heroes” был встречен критикой далеко не однозначно. Альбом, если перефразировать Макса Эрнста, “стимулирует напряжение умственных способностей”. Гитара Фриппа на первых двух песнях стороны “А” отлично вписывается, она подобна незапятнанному стальному религиозному лидеру на совершенно белом балконе. Заглавная песня “Heroes” – лучшее, что есть на первой стороне. Она кажется напряженно сдержанной вначале, а затем раскрывается, напоминая движение Lotus Sprint, летящего по автобану, обнимающего каждый поворот шоссе под дождливо-холодным небом. Боуи взял паузу на размышление. Его игра в странные прятки на глазах у публики отражает неоспоримую истину – люди верят в то, во что хотят верить. Дайте им “шведский стол” из музыки и пригоршню разрозненных фактов на выбор, и они, скорее всего, сложат картинку, полностью отвечающую их собственным предпочтениям, которая будет им казаться верной. Таким образом, в качестве ретранслятора идей он продвинулся на шаг дальше, чем The Beatles. В то время как их творения были прямым отражением социальных изменений, Боуи превратил политику имиджа в искусство кубизма и, держась особняком, доказал, что человеку требуется лишь мимолётный образ, чтобы дорисовать всё остальное.

А сейчас, если верить промоутерской машине, появился “реальный Дэвид Боуи”, и, таким образом, как бы признаётся, что “реального” Дэвида Боуи никогда раньше не было. Поскольку реальность, по большому счёту, непостоянна, эта попытка разумного обоснования, как минимум, смешна. Раз уж на вопрос: «А кому важен имидж?», он ответил: «О, огромному количеству людей и по многим причинам», а прессу продолжает пленять такой потрясающий факт, что Боуи пьет пиво прямо из банки, то остается только вопрос: «А кому важна музыка?» А пока критики бьются, рассуждая о возможностях его нового образа/отсутствия образа, Боуи отвечает на этот вопрос весьма упрощенно, то есть не отвечает вовсе. Но раз уж он сумел заставить значительную часть нашего населения полюбить его музыку на основании того, что он говорит и делает, то кажется вполне вероятным, что он сможет заставить людей любить ее и на основании того, чего он не говорит или не делает. Ему пора было остановиться. Действуя прямолинейными наступательными методами, традиционными для Западной культуры, он продвигал музыку с помощью театра. Сейчас его музыка имеет свой собственный образ, и то, что сказано, становится более важно, чем то как. Это уже отдалило и продолжает отдалять значительное количество старых фанов.

В “Heroes” гитара Фриппа взмывает вверх, подобно реактивному самолету, а монотонность гармоний Ино подчеркивают напряжение и отчаяние в голосе Боуи, умоляющего даму не покидать его, не выбирать легкого пути… Это предложение не упустить свой шанс в умирающем мире, где первое, что гибнет на пути к Концу или Абсолютному Нулю – это любовь. Это воззвание к тем, кто живет в эпоху, которая требует спасителя, но ставить на этого спасителя не будет. Это, возможно, самый потрясающий рок, который Боуи когда-либо записывал на винил. Эта песня также – предтеча второй стороны. Своеобразное заклинание перед решающей атакой. Ни одна из композиций второй стороны не сравнится с “Heroes” по напряжению, но зато они, похоже, раскрывают нам его мечты. Быстрым "V-2 Schneider" Боуи отдает дань уважения Флориану Шнайдеру, прославившемуся в Крафтверк, и книге Пинчoна "Радуга земного тяготения" / Gravity’s Rainbow (1973). Следующие три трека "Sense of Doubt," "Moss Garden" и "NeuKöln" составляют ядро второй стороны. "Sense of Doubt" пульсирует тяжестью тевтонского чистилища, это Северный Человек и его тревоги крупным планом. "Moss Garden" раскрывается деликатно и нежно, ее движение напоминает движение форели, замирающей на освещенных солнцем отмелях горного ручья. Эта воздушная пастель из цвета и света сочетает звук японского кото и синтезатора, рассеивающего медленные, чувственные текстуры. "NeuKöln" – это просто "NeuKöln". Если экспрессионисты вроде Эрнста, Поллока и других использовали Кёльн в качестве перекрестка идей для создания новых полотен, передавая беспокойство в преддверии войны, то Боуи как бы позаимствовал эти элементы напряженности с картин. Он передает их с помощью звуков саксофона в стиле Ornette Coleman, и эти звуки уродливы, уничижительны, но одновременно болезненно, прекрасно экзистенциальны. И, наконец, "The Secret Life of Arabia", напоминающая сцену из трагедии, действие которой разворачивается в Пустыне, и в которой сын говорит: «… героиня умирает…» Романтично, правда? Валентино встречатся с Камю.

"Heroes" – путешествие Боуи во внутреннее пространство. Иногда оно всеобъемлюще величественно, а иногда – невероятно депрессивно. Но это характерно для всех творений, так сказать, “честных перед лицом Господа”, и "Heroes" – больше, чем промежуточный этап. Это почти шедевр. Видимо, альбомом "Heroes" он открыл себе новое будущее. Это будущее, изобилующее возможностями для настоящих перемен, возможностями, позволяющими пробовать и ошибаться, то есть делать именно то, что должен делать художник, если он хочет остаться художником и человеком. Остается вопрос: решится ли он на это? Или не слишком многообещающие рейтинги продаж "Heroes" его остановят? Было бы невероятно занятно посмотреть, как он поставит все на карту, став героем “только на один день” ["just for one day"]. Но говорят, что сет [подборка песен] будущего тура, будет тем же, что и в туре "Station To Station", на что он согласился с некоторой неохотой. Если у него есть хоть какое-то мужество, он передумает. Сейчас в его власти изменить лицо музыки. Но, может, он все еще обманывает нас. (Тогда ему лучше уйти). Он может дискредитировать себя или наоборот, но “Heroes” все равно имеет смысл. С ним или без него. Крик кажется достаточно чистым, а боль – подлинной. Страдание (после жалоб на розовые шипы) достоверно. Если это не является правдой, это должно ею быть.

Заметка о песне Heroes
za-gonzalez.livejournal.com/230940.html

Замысловат, но интересен, был процесс ее звукозаписывания летом 1977 г. в студии Ханса Тон в нескольких метрах от берлинской стены. На железобетонную стену, резделявшую тогдашний Берлин на социалистический восточный и капиталистический западный, Боуи, Тони Висконти, Брайан Ино и Роберт Фрипп направили стену звука со всей присущей ей музыкальной мощью и идеологической плотностью.

Сначала записали ритм-секцию: барабаны – Деннис Дэвис, бас-гитара – Джордж Меррей, ритм-гитара – Карлос Аломар. Аломар создал и исполнил основной гитарный рифф. Фрипп запишет завывающие соляги только месяц спустя, когда прилетит в Берлин из Штатов всего на день.

Затем Ино на бесклавишном аналоговом синтезаторе EMS VCS 3 (синтезатор этот также использовали Хоуквинд, Ху и Пинк Флойды на Dark Side of the Moon и Wish You Were Here) вибраторами разной частоты и скорости создал три монотонных ритмических рисунка, наложенные один на другой.

Гитару Фриппа пропустили через этот же синтезатор Ино, а не, как ошибочно полагают, через другую электронную приблуду под названием E-Bow, позволяющую тянуть из гитары ноты при помощи электромагнитного поля. Фрипп достиг завывающего эффекта, рассчитав расстояние между гитарой и колонками, необходимое для того, чтобы извлекаемая из гитары нота начинала резонировать и фонить. Например, "ля" могла начать резонировать в полуторах метрах от колонок, а "соль" в двух. Фрипп сделал на полу студии разметку где какая нота фонит и, играя, переходил с места на место в зависимости от требуемой тональности. При записи фрипповского соло звуковую дорожку воспроизводили на предельной громкости, так что фонило, будьте-нате. Ино тем временем эксперементировал с фильтрами, через которые пропустили гитару, успешно вписав с трех дублей соло в ровную и однообразную мелодию.

Барабаны в свою очередь отлично раздавались эхом в огромной студии Ханса, где во время второй мировой войны записывались симфонические оркестры. Барабаны установили и записали не как обычно в будке, а на открытом пространстве у самой дальней стены зала на возвышении для хора. Помимо альтов у Дэвиса имелось два рабочиих барабана, конги и один бас-том. Обычно, проходясь по альтам, он добавлял несколько ударов по конгам и бас-тому. То, что в песне похоже на наложение барабанов при перезаписи, на самом деле записано живьем за раз. Ритм в "Героях" не меняется на всем протяжении, и Дэвис проявил себя настоящим человеком-метрономом и вместе с тем, как подобает джазовику, сыграл разнообразно без повторений. Бочку специально сделали тише, чтобы сакцентировать больше внимания на бас-гитаре и не нарушать монотонного течения иновских синтезаторных вибраций.

Как и на Low, на "Heroes" сначала записывалась музыка. Решалось какая это будет песня: веселая или грустная. Затем в самый последний момент через месяц после записи музыки сочинялись слова и записывался вокал. За слова Боуи обычно садился с утра лицом к берлинской стене, видимой из окна студии, и выдавал текст за час или два.

Писал слова к "Героям", выгнав всех из студии. Тони Висконти вместе с девушкой на подпевках Антонией Маасс, удалившись, стали прогуливаться вдоль стены и целоваться. Боуи все это увидел и запечатлел в тексте. Когда все вернулись с прогулки, вокал был с трех дублей записан.

Для записи вокала Висконти использовал три микрофона. Первый находился в 20 см от поющего Боуи, второй – в 6 метрах от него, а третий в 15 метрах. Тихую вокальную партию записывали на первый микрофон. Громкую – на первый и второй. А истерические крики – на все три. Это создало эховое и монументальное звучание голоса. В тихой партии Боуи поет октавой ниже, а громкие – на октаву выше.

Висконти говорил, что за всю время работы в студии с различными коллективами и исполнителями, Боуи был единственный, кто мог за короткое время написать текст, тут же его исполнить и с двух-трех дублей окончательно записать, а вслед за этим сразу наложить дополнительные вокалы. Работоспособность у чувачины и концентрация сил и внимания отменные.

Боуи помимо английской версии также спел и записал песню на немецком и французском. Немцы, послушав "Героев" на немецком, сказали, что это не рок вообще, а кабаре, что Боуи как певцу кабаре в прошлом и любителю всего немецкого начала ХХ века было очень лестно слышать.

Было бы интересно услышать русскую версию "Героев". Тем более, что она была бы очень во время холодной войны кстати и актуальна. Вражеские голоса крутили бы ее ночи на пролет, подрывая устои социализма извне, а неформальная советская молодежь изнутри, прислушиваясь к антисоветским руладам на коротких волнах, старательно заглушаемым магнитовибраторами КГБ. К тому же, русский Боуи худо-бедно тогда уже мог знать, проведя в 1973 г. в поезде транссибирской магистрали 8 дней, общаясь от Находки до Москвы с железнодорожными проводницами, которые его так сильно полюбили, что даже вызволили однажды из рук рассвирепевших советских милиционеров.

Выйдя на сингле 23 сентября 1977 г., несмотря на все приложенные усилия и мультиязыковые версии, "Герои" достигли в хит-параде Англии лишь 24 места, а в Штатах даже в сотню Биллборда не вошли.

интересная заметка непосредственно о картине:

Yukio Mishima: the man above David Bowie’s Berlin bed (Tom Taylor, 17 September 2023)
faroutmagazine.co.uk/yukio-mishima-the-man-above-david-bo…

There’s a misconception about David Bowie that Keith Richards fell right into when he said, “It’s all pose. It’s all fucking posing.“ The Rolling Stones rocker even added, ”He knows it too.” The paradox presented by Bowie, is how can someone be both a character and truly sincere? In Spain, they have a word for the purity of art at its pinnacle: Duende.

This word was defined by poet and (perhaps) purely platonic love interest of Salvador Dali, Frederico Garcia Lorca, as exalted emotion unearthed from within, “a mysterious force that everyone feels and no philosopher has explained. The roots that cling to the mire from which comes the very substance of art.” Can this profound upswell truly be channelled into the conduit of a preconceived character?

There are those who would say that with manufactured character comes artifice, a fugazi of the real thing, but the obvious rebuttal is that art is merely about creativity unleashed, and creativity doesn’t care if a mask helped to spawn it. As Bowie said himself: “I was never unaware of my strength as an interpretive performer, but writing a song for me, it never rang true. I had no problem writing something for, or working with Lou Reed, or writing for Mott the Hoople. I can get into their mood and what they want to do, but I find it extremely hard to write for me.”

Continuing: “So, I found it quite easy to write for the artists that I would create. I did find it much easier having created this Ziggy to then write for him. Even though it’s me doing it! I was able to distance myself from the whole thing, but it can become very complicated, you’re fucking fabric with time there. It did bring a sort of sack-full of its own inherent problems.”

Those problems came the fore in quite a horrific way prior to Bowie absconding to Berlin. After years of failing to make it in music in the 1960s, when success did start to come his way, Bowie felt a tremendous sense of rock ‘n’ roll ”inadequacy”. But Ziggy was even beyond the proverbial rockstar, a Godhead epitome of pop culture idolatry, almost inseparable, by design, from Jesus Christ himself, right down to Bowie’s act of calvary in sacrificing his ‘Starman’ at the height of his pomp, to allow him to expand towards new muses.

Alas, as John Updike once wrote, fame can become a “mask that eats into the face.” Bowie inhabited his characters right down to their pitfalls, and found it impossible to divorce their masks off-stage. As a result, when he transitioned to his darkest creation, The Thin White Duke, he developed a cocaine addiction measurable by the tonne, a bizarre diet of bell-peppers and milk befitting of a cable TV documentary, an unwavering obsession with the Third Reich, he thought his pool was possessed by the devil, and he thought his friend, Deep Purples’ Glenn Hughes, was a witch. You’d find it hard to say that such sincere madness was “all pose“ or the product of facile pantomime.

Plagued by this tortured disposition, he fled form this mask, and along with his friend Iggy Pop, relocated from “insidious“ Los Angeles to Berlin. It was here, after Edgar Froese of Tangerine Dream helped him to find his own place, an unassuming ground floor apartment at 155 Hauptsrasse, that he attempted to settle down. By day, he tried to avoid the pitfalls that had led him to West Berlin in the first place, holing up in cafes reading magazines and eating endless sausages, before eventually succumbing to Isherwood’s now-decrepit underground and racing around the abandoned streets in Iggy Pop’s car. Finally, returning home, for a few hours sleep under a giant portrait of the Japanese novelist, actor and nationalist civilian militia, Yukio Mishima.

This love for Mishima, and the kinship of ‘the mask‘ that they shared, perhaps offers the finest insight into how Bowie viewed his own character art. I recently spoke with the expert on all things Japanese culture, Roy Starrs of the University of Otago in New Zealand, who explained: ”In the mediaeval Japanese Noh theatre, the actor spends some time before he goes on stage staring at the mask he is about to put on, which may represent either a male or a female character, since both were played by male actors.”

Continuing: ”This ritualistic moment of contemplation resembles a Shamanistic rite of spirit possession, in that the actor intends to shed his own identity and take on the identity of the character he is about to portray. Mishima was fascinated by this profoundly mystical form of theatre – he even wrote ‘modern’ Noh plays himself – and one might say that he lived his life accordingly, continually shedding his ‘own identity’ and very consciously putting on one mask after another, as if no single role could ever quite satisfy him.”

Concluding: ”If anyone were to ask, ‘what then was his own true identity?‘, I would refer them to Mishima’s autobiographical novel, Confessions of a Mask. That paradoxical title says it all: the gay sadomasochist he presents therein for popular consumption as his ‘true self’ was only to be regarded as another mask. If that ultimate mask were ever removed, one would find perhaps not any permanent or solid identity but that creative emptiness out of which, the Buddhist philosophers tell us, all phenomena arise. Bowie, of course, was a very creative shapeshifter himself, so it is not surprising that he understood all this about Mishima and valued him as one of his very favourite writers.”

The parallels between the concepts that fascinated Mishima about the masks of Noh theatre and Bowie’s rock ‘n’ roll equivalency, from the androgyny of male gender fluidity to the sense of spiritual possession and inception of a creative void to be filled, couldn’t be more stark. For Bowie and Mishima, masks represent a chance to extend beyond the norm. As Bowie said, ”I’ve always had a repulsive need to be something more than human. I felt very puny as a human.” The same could absolutely be said for Mishima, albeit the heights to which he took this repulsion are immeasurable by most standards in history.

Who was Yukio Mishima?

In an article on the death of James Dean, Mishima opined: ”The beautiful should die young, and everyone else should live as long as possible. Unfortunately, 95 percent of people get it backwards, with gorgeous people lingering into their eighties and hideous fools dropping dead at 21. Life never goes as planned; and we, the living, are cast into its comedy.”

”Greek mythology tells of how Achilles was forced to choose between a long life void of glory and a glorious young death. Without flinching, he chose the latter. Surely all but the most prosaic of men, if given the choice at the start of life, would do the same,” he wrote. While it would be far too simplistic to say that heroic immortality was the only thing that Mishima strived for in his storied life of novels, acting, bodybuilding and activism, he certainly had an external notion of how his life would be perceived in wider humanity, a character in the play of it’s comedy.

He was born in Tokyo in 1925 to a Samurai family. However, his parents placed him in the care of his grandmother, a vindictive soul who largely isolated the boy from outside contact until the age of 12. He was sickly, longed for social interaction, and sort solace from the brutal existence imposed by the family’s iron-fisted matriarch in theatre and literature. He soon exhibited his own brilliance in an artistic capacity and was published anonymously in magazines while still at school.

However, he longed for the physical enjoyment that other kids revelled in, an enjoyment that he had been sheltered from in his youth. Thus, when World War II arrived, and Mishima was drafted, he was one of the few naive souls excited by the proposition of adventure and glory, oblivious to the reality of horror. This misguided dream was dashed when he failed his physical examination on account of his frail frame. He would forever be devastated by this embarrassing blow. He felt deprived of his own true fate.

As he would later note regarding the rite of passage he viewed war as: “What I wanted was to die among strangers, untroubled, beneath a cloudless sky. And yet my desire differed from the sentiments of that ancient Greek who wanted to die under the brilliant sun. What I wanted was some natural, spontaneous suicide. I wanted a death like that of a fox, not yet well versed in cunning, that walks carelessly along a mountain path and is shot by a hunter because of its own stupidity.”

When this didn’t come, he poured his soul into his works. His fame grew, and this inspired a prolific output from the young writer, delving into various fields of the arts. Yet, he was always hungry for more, always wanting to surpass his former achievement and strive for some new level of societal transcendence. Being just another star was a pursuit devoid of originality.

Thus, around this time, perhaps driven by his former shame, he began to engage in bodybuilding and martial arts meticulously. As he had previously bemoaned: “I lacked, in short, the muscles suitable for a dramatic death. And it deeply offended my romantic pride“. Another factor behind this, could have been his developing sense of traditional nationalism. He became a political extremist, opining that post-war Japan had lost its Samurai identity. So, he formed his own para-military group to serve as a symbol of his political ideology beyond the pages.

Eventually, these two elements would collide. His bodybuilding became a token of his desire to be beautiful in death. On the morning of November 25th, 1970, Mishima and four members of his para-military group, entered the self-defence force in Tokyo. They took the commander hostage, and thereafter, had him assemble the garrison in the square below his office. Mishima went out onto the balcony and addressed the soldiers below. As ever, he was immaculate and spoke with the profound mix of beauty and brutality that he said typified Japan, but even more so his writing; he called for the soldiers to join him in a coup, eviscerate the submissiveness that had befallen them, and usurp the US-backed state by restoring the supremacy of the Emperor.

A hush soon arrived at derision. Then Mishima calmly went back inside, told his followers, “I don’t think they heard me.” Then he knelt down, unravelled his uniform, and committed seppuku, the first to do so since the days of war. The act of seppuku is something he had written about previously. The ancient suicide method is defined as: “self-disembowelment by a short sword followed by decapitation with a long sword at the hands of a trusted acquaintance.“ This was the end of Mishima’s odd existence. He was 45.

In the days that followed, he dominated global discourse. In The New York Review, the Japanese philosopher Hide Ishiguro, mused: “Some thought he had gone mad, others that this was the last in a series of exhibitionistic acts, one more expression of the desire to shock for which he had become notorious. A few people on the political right saw his death as a patriotic gesture of protest against present-day Japan. Others believed that it was a despairing, gruesome farce contrived by a talented man who had been an enfant terrible and who could not bear to live on into middle age and mediocrity.”

However, it could be agreed by all parts, that just like the end of a novel, this had been prognosticated and design as part of Mishima’s engineered narrative, a life lived and ended as a work of romantic fiction with the poised notion of the ego’s legacy at its core. As he had told his wife, perhaps in a moment of despair that signified how his dreams could never be surmounted in mortality, “even if I am not immediately understood, it’s OK, because I’ll be understood by the Japan of 50 or 100 years’ time.”

In the years that have followed, it has, naturally, became impossible to separate the man from this brutal end. But his final chapter must be viewed as an obscurer, a moment of madness, separate from the way he entangled art and reality prior, using the vessel of the mask to embody in a more rounded sense, the nature of his existence within society at large. It is merely that he donned one with a toxic obsessiveness that he failed to shed. He is an extreme example, but when it comes to his work alone, the art beside what became a tortured reality, he embodies the way some creatives use the mask not as interplay, but to reveal something that they want to impart on society.

This is the key to Bowie too, that many, like Keith Richards, have misunderstood. Every artist is, in some way, a character. The act of art is about reaching a level of exultancy, escaping the norms of everyday existence, filling the white walls of simply ‘being’. There is not that much difference between Mick Jagger pouting and parading around with an affected attitude, to Bowie taking that a step further and assimilating a message he wants to extol to society into a mask and fulfilling that with the escapism of creativity.

As Mishima would put it, the mask can, in fact, become the true vehicle to Duende: “The process in which a writer is compelled to counterfeit his true feelings is exactly the opposite of that which the man of society is compelled to counterfeit his. The artist disguises in order to reveal; the man of society disguises in order to conceal.”

#bowie #artrock #glamrock #artpop #industrial

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